A. Alphabetizing Guidelines
1. Author vs. Editor
A single author entry precedes a single editor entry, then a multi-author entry beginning with the same name. Repeat the author’s name for listing edited works and for each new set of multiple authors.
2. Company or Agency Names
Entity names when used as the author will be alphabetized by the first letter of the entity name, excluding articles.
3. One Author, Multiple Works
List all works attributed to one author together and arrange them chronologically by publication date, from earliest to most recent (1890, 1900, 1920). Repeat the author’s name for each work. Two or more works by the same author(s) published in the same year should be arranged alphabetically by title and distinguished by letters after the date (1976a, 1976b).
4. Personal Communications
Personal communications with an author are not listed in the references. See section VI.15 for citation of personal communications within narrative text.
5. Prefixes
Names beginning with Mac and Mc should be alphabetized as they are spelled; “St.” is alphabetized as if it were spelled out, but it is spelled according to the preference of the person. Names beginning with d’, de, du, van, or von are listed under the first letter of the beginning prefix. See sample listing below.
6. Two-Part Names
Treat two-part names as though they are one word (Ivor Noël Hume is listed under N; Susan Beske-Diel is listed under B). Hispanic surnames are alphabetized by patronymic surnames—or the first of the two surnames (Morales Padrón, Francisco). Please note that in Portuguese surnames the paternal surname comes last, and the maternal comes first.
B. Sample Alphabetical Listing
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Adams
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Macalister
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Sang
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The Autocar Company
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Macaulay
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S. D. Kimbark Co.
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Brown
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MacMullen
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Sears, Roebuck and Co.
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d’Abrosca
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Malloy
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Stewart
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Davis
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McAdoo
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T. Eaton Company
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De Bow
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McAllister
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Van der Donck
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DeGaulle
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McCauley
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van Gogh
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De Hostos
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McMullen
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Van Rensselaer
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DeMille
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Peters
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Van ’t Veer
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Dubois
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St. Dennis
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Vaughan Williams
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Evans
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Saint-Gaudens
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von den Driesch
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Mabie
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St. Laurent
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Williams
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C. General Requirements
Check references for completeness. In general, answer the question: “How can the reader find this reference?” Use this manual for guidance. Do not assume the reader has the knowledge or that information is obvious. Editors can remove redundant or extra information if necessary. Do not forget city/state or city/province or city/country (regardless of the familiarity of the city), location of repositories or sponsoring agencies, full names of authors, dates of publication, etc. Avoid using authors’ initials (unless the author prefers this) or “n.d.” for “no date” (make an educated guess and bracket the date).
If vital data are missing, such as the author’s full name, correct full title, year of publication, publisher, or city of publication, find the original source used or go to the Library of Congress Online Catalog <http://www.catalog.loc.gov> and other reliable library sources.
Sources that are published electronically in addition to a regular published format should have the URL address, Website, and date of access added to the end of the reference.
1. Names
If no author’s name is given, do not use “anonymous.” Cite the agency issuing the report, the series title, the publisher, the main Website name, or the archive: (Archives Départmentales de la Gironde 1584:449–450; Norfolk Gazette 1815; National Park Service 1984; CRM Archaeology Inc. 1998; Find a Grave 2000).
a. Cite the full first names of authors and editors following the surname as given in a publication or byline (Robert L. Schuyler, not L. Schuyler). When the surname occurs first, as in Chinese and some other languages, do not reverse the order (Lee Bo not Lee, Bo).
b. Use initials only when an author’s full name is unknown or when the authors purposely publish their name as such (L. S. Cressman, not Luther S. Cressman), as opposed to the convention of the When two initials are used, a space is placed between the first and second initial (K. C. Chang, not K.C. Chang). Do not add periods after initials where none properly exist (J Harlan Bretz).
c. Repeat the family name of a married couple (Kovel, Ralph M., and Terry Kovel, not Kovel, Ralph M., and Terry H.). In-text citation: (R. Kovel and T. Kovel).
d. When names have changed and are not obvious, combine all of them under the author’s preferred name with a cross-reference to that name (Kjorness, Annalies Corbin 1965. See Corbin, Annalies). Do not cross-reference obvious variations or where the variations can be listed in brackets (Wylie, Jerry [Henry G.]).
e. Correct obvious and well-known printers’ errors (James Teit, not James H. Teit).
f. Place a comma between a name and “junior” or “senior” but not with roman numerals (John Paul Jones, Jr.; Allan P. Slickpoo, Sr.; J. Barto Arnold III).
g. Names of agencies serving several times as authors are abbreviated in narrative text citations, list the abbreviation after the name in the references––National Park Service (NPS).
2. Dates
a. For multiple editions use the date of the edition in hand, but attempt to find and use the appropriate edition, generally the earliest or For a classic or an historical work, the earliest date is the most appropriate. For theoretical works and compilations, the latest edition is preferred. If a reprint edition is used, list the original copy date with the reprint date listed following the title.
b. Avoid using “n.d.” for “no ” Every work has a date of some kind, or one that can be estimated. For a work with no specific date of publication, the approximate date or date range should be placed in brackets—[1979], [1930s], [1900–1909].
3. Titles
Use a single tab to separate the date and title. With the exception of tables, this is the only place in which a tab should be used.
a. List a book title as found on the title page, which lists the title, author, and publisher. If an alternate title, such as on the spine, is well known, then it is appropriate to list it in parentheses following the official title. List a journal title as found on the front cover, which lists the volume and issue number as well as date and year.
b. Use italics for the title of a published book or Do not use the term “unpublished”; the lack of italics indicates a manuscript was not published. In a multivolume work and where the volumes are distinct or with different publication dates, it is permissible to list only those volumes used. The edition of a book will follow the title in Arabic numerals (2nd edition, 3rd edition). Publisher’s series titles (Civilization of the American Indian series, University of Oklahoma, Norman; Studies in Historical Archeology series, Academic Press, New York, NY) should not be confused with occasional series titles and are not listed.
c. Use no punctuation for the title of a chapter in a book or an article in a Quotation marks are used only when the title is referred to in the text, not in the list of references.
d. Capitalize all words in titles except for articles, coordinate conjunctions, and prepositions (regardless of length) not following Always capitalize the first word following a colon in a title.
e. Provide an English translation for any titles not in Roman type (Cyrillic, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, etc.); an English translation of all foreign titles should be provided as a courtesy to readers. The title will be followed by the translation in parentheses, regular type, and “sentence case,” e.g., Archéologie de l’Amérique coloniale française (Archaeology of French colonial America). For titles in any language but English, capitalize only the words that would be capitalized in normal prose. In French, Spanish, and Italian titles, capitalize the first word and those proper nouns capitalized in the original title. In German titles, capitalize the first word and all nouns—both common and proper—but not proper In Greek and Latin titles, capitalize the first word, proper nouns, and proper adjectives.
4. Series Titles
Be careful to italicize only those portions of the title that should be, but likewise do not omit italics from any part of the official title. Italicize the series title only if it is the main search criterion. If a series title is especially generic, such as Research Reports, it is acceptable to place an institutional or society identifier before the italic title.
5. Pages
Use inclusive page numbers for parts of a publication used, chapter in a book, article in a journal, section of a report, etc. List the entire page number, separated by an en dash, without shortening the entry (156–167, not 156-67). Page numbers are not needed to reference a book in general. The abbreviations f. and ff. and the word passim are not used as a substitute for accurate page references.
6. Publisher
Do not include the terms “Publisher,” “Books,” “Printing,” “Inc.,” or “Ltd.” for books and monographs; however, include “Company” or “Co.” and “Press,” which are parts of the name. Do not use Government Printing Office as a publisher; list the agency sponsoring the publication. Do not use MacLean, Roger and Company, which is the UK monarch’s printer.
a. List only the primary city of publication (University of California Press, Berkeley, not University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles) for List the city of publication for newspapers. Do not list the city of publication for periodicals, except when they are obscure or long out of print. If you are not sure whether a series is an occasional series or periodical, include the city of publication; it is easier to edit it out than look it up later.
b. Always follow the city of publication with the state or province, except when the publisher is already identified with a state, such as a specific state university press. Outside the United States and Canada, list the country following the city of publication. Even well-known cities are followed by the state or country of publication (Chicago, IL; Toronto, ON; London, UK; Lisbon, Portugal).
c. Use postal abbreviations to indicate the state of publication (CA or NY; not California, Calif., Ca., New York, or N.Y.)
d. In place of a publisher, use “n.p.” for “no place” if there is no publisher; if the book is privately printed but not by the author, use “privately printed”; use the author’s name when the author is the publisher.
7. Internet Sources
Electronic sources found on the Internet include electronic sites (World Wide Web, FTP, etc.) and electronic communications (discussion lists, Usenet Group, and e-mail). Online works are treated in much the same way as printed matter, but the impermanent nature of electronic content and its ability to be manipulated requires some special treatment. The following provisos are derived from the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, pages 745–750, 844–849.
a. Maintain a copy of cited Internet source—The researcher must maintain a copy of the information as cited, treating these copies as permanent personal papers. This is an SHA requirement.
b. Attain required permissions—“[A]nything posted on the internet is ‘published’ in the sense of copyright and must be treated as such for the purposes of complete citation and clearance of permissions, if relevant” (Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition, p. 749).
c. Use most recent URL and verify often—Verify accuracy of citations to electronic content as close to manuscript submission date as possible and on proof pages to be sure the source has not changed or become unavailable since first accessed. If a Website is no longer available, the citation must state this following the URL: Accessed 5 November 2006; site now discontinued.
d. Cite first the media consulted—If a publication is available in both print and electronic form, the possibility for difference between both sources exists. Be sure to cite the actual form consulted for your manuscript.
e. Access or revision dates—Cite the access date after the URL: Accessed 5 November 2006. According to the Chicago Manual of Style, revision dates “should not be given in addition to or in lieu of the access date” because they are neither universally used nor reliable.
D. Sample References
If you have a reference that is not covered by any of these examples, provide the editor with all pertinent information in the closest logical format. Err on the side of providing too much rather than too little information.
1. Books
a. One author—List last name
Ferguson, Leland
1992 Uncommon Ground: An Archaeology of Early African America 1650–1800. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
b. Multiple authors—List all authors’ first and last names, but write only the senior author’s name in reverse Do not use “et al.” in the references; only appropriate for in-text citation.
Cotter, John L., Daniel G. Roberts, and Michael Parrington
1992 The Buried Past: An Archaeological History of Philadelphia. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
c. Anonymous or pseudonym used—Avoid using “anonymous.” If the real name is known, use brackets to indicate real name or cite the agency issuing the report, the series title, or the publisher.
Ceram, C. W. [C. W. Marek] 1953 Gods, Graves, and Scholars. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, NY.
[Blank, Henry K.] 1910 Art for Its Own Sake. Nonpareil Press, Chicago, IL.
d. Society or government agency as author
United States Bureau of the Census
1936 United States Census of Agriculture: 1935, Vol. 1. U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC.
e. Edited book
Schuyler, Robert L. (editor)
1978 Historical Archaeology: A Guide to Substantive and Theoretical Contributions. Baywood Publishing Company, Farmingdale, NY.
Garrow, Patrick H.
1981 The Use of Converging Lines of Evidence for Determining Socioeconomic Status. In Consumer Choice in Historical Archaeology, Suzanne M. Spencer-Wood, editor, pp. 217–231. Plenum Press, New York, NY.
f. Translated book
Ortega y Gasset, José
1984 An Interpretation of Universal History, Mildred Adams, translator. W. W. Norton, New York, NY.
g. Multiple references, same author, same year—Listed in text as (Rose 1985a, 1985b) or Rose (1985a, 1985b), but list them separately in the references section with the edited source second:
Rose, Jerome C.
1985a Cedar Grove and Black American History. In Gone to a Better Land, Jerome C. Rose, editor, pp. 146–152. Arkansas Archeological Research Series, No. 25. Fayetteville.
Rose, Jerome C. (editor)
1985b Gone to a Better Land. Arkansas Archeological Research Series, No. 25. Fayetteville.
h. Reprint of an earlier edition—In the first example the earlier edition is preferable for historical reasons, and the reprint pagination is exactly the same as the In the second example the latest edition is preferable for its currency, and the reprint pagination is different from the original.
Ernst, Robert
1949 Immigrant Life in New York City, 1825–1863. King’s Crown Press, New York, NY. Reprinted 1994 by Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY.
Deetz, James
1996 In Small Things Forgotten: The Archaeology of Early American Life, expanded and revised from 1977 edition. Doubleday, New York, NY.
i. Multiple editions—Indicate the edition, other than the first, used in your manuscript, following the
Fagan, Brian M.
1988 In the Beginning: An Introduction to Archaeology, 6th edition. Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown, Boston, MA.
j. Multivolume—If the word “volume” is part of the title, it is italicized; otherwise, it is not. “Volume” is abbreviated as “Vol.” unless it is spelled out as part of the The general series editor is not listed. The volume number precedes the volume title.
Deagan, Kathleen A.
1987 Artifacts of the Spanish Colonies of Florida and the Caribbean, 1550–1800, Vol. 1, Ceramics, Glassware, and Beads. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC.
Fenton, William N.
1978 Northern Iroquoian Culture Patterns. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 15, Northeast, Bruce G. Trigger, editor, pp. 296–321. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.
k. Author as publisher—Privately printed by the
Cotter, John L.
1968 Handbook of Historical Archaeology. John L. Cotter, Wyncote, PA.
l. Privately printed—Privately printed but not by the author.
Heinton, Louise J.
1972 Prince George’s Heritage. Privately printed, Baltimore, MD.
m. Publisher and/or place of publication not given—Use “n.p.” for “no place” or “no publisher given” when none is known.
Griswold, Don L., and Jean Griswold
1958 Colorado’s Century of “Cities.” Smith-Brooks, n.p.
n. Monographs or irregular series
Generally, the title of a work is italicized, unless the work is contained within a larger work or can only be found under the series name. Always be sure to include series information as part of the publisher’s information.
Nassaney, Michael S. (editor)
1999 An Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey to Locate Remains of Fort St. Joseph (20BE23) in Niles, Michigan. Western Michigan University, Department of Anthropology, Archaeological Report, No. 22. Kalamazoo.
Osborne, Douglas
1957 Excavations in the McNary Reservoir Basin near Umatilla, Oregon. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 166, River Basin Surveys Papers, 24. Washington, DC.
Staski, Edward (editor)
1987 Living in Cities: Current Research in Urban Archaeology. Society for Historical Archaeology, Special Publication Series, No. 5. California, PA.
Wall, Diana DiZerega
1987 Settlement System Analysis in Historical Archaeology: An Example from New York City. In Living in Cities: Current Research in Urban Archaeology, Edward Staski, editor, pp. 65–74. Society for Historical Archaeology, Special Publication Series, No. 5. California, PA.
o. Government documents—Include abbreviation in parentheses if cited more than three times in text. The Government Printing Office (GPO) is never listed as the publisher. It is only the printer; the publisher is the bureau, division, or other unit responsible for the work (Smithsonian Institution, National Park Service, Department of Agriculture, Department of the Interior, etc.). The last example is also an example of parallel series, both of which are italicized.
Kaye, Clifford A.
1961 Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Boston, Massachusetts. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424B:73–76. Washington, DC.
Mason, Otis T.
1900 Pointed Bark Canoes of the Kutenai and Amur. United States National Museum Report for 1899, pp. 523–537. Washington, DC.
Stevens, Isaac I.
1854 Report of Isaac Stevens, Governor, Superintendent. Annual Report of the Bureau of Indians Affairs for the Year 1854, pp. 392–462. 33rd Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Executive Document, 1(1) (Serial Set 746) and House Executive Document, 1 (Serial Set 777). Washington, DC.
2. Dissertations
Use “Master’s thesis” and the more inclusive “Doctoral dissertation” (rather than Ph.D.).
a. Published—Note italics. Published dissertations are available from University Microfilms International (UMI). If you are unsure concerning a dissertation being listed by UMI, see the front matter of a recent Dissertation Abstracts volume for a list of participating institutions with the first year of their participation or look up the author and title at <http://wwwlib.umi.com/dxweb/search> (note that this service provides only the past two years for free; otherwise use a library that subscribes to the service). Include the city and state, unless part of the school’s
Shackel, Paul A.
1987 A Historical Archaeology of Personal Discipline. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo. University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor, MI.
b. Unpublished dissertation, thesis, or other academic papers—Note: no The only U.S. institution currently giving doctoral degrees in historical archaeology and not participating in UMI is Harvard University. Do not use the redundant “unpublished.” If the title is not italicized, it is not published.
Corbin, Annalies
1995 Material Culture of Nineteenth Century Steamboat Passengers on the Bertrand and Arabia. Master’s thesis, Department of History, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
3. Gray literature
Gray literature, produced by government agencies, universities, corporations, research centers, associations and societies, and professional organizations, includes technical reports, preprints, fact sheets, standards, patents, working papers, committee reports, business documents, newsletters, government documents, technical documentation, conference proceedings, white papers, and symposia bulletins not found through normal bibliographic sources or databases. It can be published or unpublished.
a. Contract reports, published
Reports in a named series will have the title of the work italicized. List the title of the series if there is one.
Adams, William H.
1977 Silcott, Washington: Ethnoarchaeology of a Rural American Community. Washington State University, Laboratory of Anthropology, Report of Investigations, No. 54. Pullman.
Blukis Onat, Astrida R.
1976 Archaeological Excavations at Site 45-JE-16, Indian Island, Jefferson County, Washington. Washington Archaeological Research Center, Project Report, No. 30. Pullman.
b. Contract reports, unpublished
Note: no italics. Cite by author(s) or editor(s), date, and title (not italicized) followed by “Report to” agency or company that contracted for the work (with the city and state, unless part of the name) and “from” unit and institution or company (with the city and state) that prepared the report. Do not use the redundant “unpublished” or “on file at.”
Brauner, David R.
1989 The French-Canadian Archaeological Project Willamette Valley, Oregon: Site Inventory. Report to Oregon State Historic Preservation Office, Salem, from Oregon State University, Department of Anthropology, Corvallis.
Minor, Rick, and Stephen Dow Beckham
1984 Archaeological Testing at Fort Cascades and the Cascades Townsite (45SA9). Report to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, OR, from Heritage Research Associates, Eugene, OR.
c. Internal reports
Precede the name of the entity that curates the report with “Manuscript.”
Jones, Olive R.
1989 Squares, Rounds, Octagons, Flasks, and Vials; Dark Green Glass Bottles. Manuscript, Parks Canada, Ottawa, ON.
Ross, Lester A.
1976 Fort Vancouver, 1829–1860: A Historical Archeological Investigation of the Goods Imported and Manufactured by the Hudson’s Bay Company. Manuscript, Fort Vancouver National Historic Site, Vancouver, WA.
Schumacher, Paul J. F.
1960 Archeological Field Notes, Whitman Archeological Excavations, October 1–28, 1960. Manuscript, National Park Service, San Francisco, CA.
d. Conference papers—If the papers presented are published in a proceeding, then the title of the proceeding would be italicized and the paper would be treated as an article in a published piece.
Neiman, Fraser D.
1984 An Evolutionary Approach to House Plans and the Organization of Production on the Chesapeake Frontier. Paper presented at the 17th Conference on Historical and Underwater Archaeology, Williamsburg, VA.
Smith, Marvin T.
1983 Chronology from Glass Beads. In Proceedings of the 1982 Glass Trade Bead Conference, Charles Hayes III, editor, pp. 147–148. Rochester Museum and Science Center, Research Records, No. 16. Rochester, NY.
4. Internet Documents
Keep a copy of all documents obtained from the Internet.
a. Electronic sources originally published in traditional hard-copy format
Reference the work as you would the hard-copy version, using the original publication date, publisher, and location. Then add the main Website name and URL of the electronic source, as well as the accessed date. If the page is no longer accessible, add a semicolon and “site now discontinued” after the accessed date.
Ogden, Peter Skene
1909 Peter Skene Ogden’s Snake Country Journal, 1825–1826. Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society 10(4). American Mountain Men <http://www.xmission.com/~drudy/mtman/htmi/ogdn2526.html>. Accessed 29 November 2006; site now discontinued.
If the URL is exceptionally lengthy, as in the case of the example below, it may be cropped to just the main Webpage of the source.
Tarlow, Sarah (editor)
2015 The Archaeology of Death in Post-Medieval Europe. De Gruyter Open, Warsaw, Poland. Google Books <https://books.google.com>. Accessed 12 January 2024.
b. Sources that are published only electronically are referenced using the following basic format:
Author [or, if none, the name of the main Website] Year Title of Page. Title of major site home page <Internet address>. Accessed date month year.
If the page has no year, use the year in which you first accessed it.
Florida Museum
2024 Historical Archaeology Type Collection: List of Types. Florida Museum <https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/typeceramics/types/>. Accessed 11 January 2024.
c. Online journals––cite as you would a traditionally published journal. Include the journal name in italics, but do not include page numbers or the article number. Then provide the name of the main Website as it appears on the Webpage (no italics), the URL, and the accessed date.
Casana, Jesse, and Elise Jakoby Laugier
2017 Satellite Imagery-Based Monitoring of Archaeological Site Damage in the Syrian Civil War. PLoS ONE 12(11). PLOS ONE <https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0188589>. Accessed 7 September 2023.
d. Census data
U.S. Bureau of the Census
1850 Town of Deerfield, Franklin County, Massachusetts. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC. Ancestry <https://www.ancestry.com>. Accessed 4 May 2019.
U.S. Bureau of the Census
1900 York Township (Part of), York, Maine, ED 260. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC. FamilySearch <https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:MMG4-ZDF>. Accessed 3 January 2022.
e. E-mail—Considered personal communication and not listed in references section. See section VI for in-text citation.
f. Discussion lists—listserv, majordomo, listproc, blogs, etc. List the author’s e-mail address after the name. Include e-mail subject, location of discussion list, and date of posting.
Steen, Carl <diacarl@aol.com>
1997 Re: Button marks—help. <http://lists.asu.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A0=histarch>. List Archives, 22 January (posted date).
g. FTP
Edwards, Dean
1994 Shamanish––General Overview—Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). <ftp://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/pub/Papers/shaman_FAQ>. Accessed 19 April.
h. Personal, academic, or agency Website—
cengel
2004 Post Summer Update, 21 October. Market Street Chinatown Archaeological Project <https://marketstreet.stanford.edu/2004/10/>. Accessed 21 October 2006.
Clouse, Robert A.
1996 American Fur Company District Headquarters, Mendota, Minnesota, USA. Minnesota Historical Society: Archaeology, Excavations On-line <http://www.umn.edu/marp/dig/ site1.html>. Accessed 25 May 2012; site discontinued.
i. Usenet group—List the author’s e-mail address after the name.
Legg, Sonya <legg@harquebus.cgd.ucar.edu>
1994 African History Book List. In Usenet Group <soc.culture.african>. 5 September.
5. Newspapers
Include the date and the volume, issue, and page numbers, if possible (many newspapers do not have volume and issue numbers).
a. Authored article
Baker, Herbert C.
1950 Natron Cut-Off Makes Eugene a Rail Center. Register-Guard 23 July:3–4. Eugene, OR.
b. Unauthored article
Bonners Ferry Herald
1987 Upfront, the Mystery of the “Chinese Ovens.” Bonners Ferry Herald, 14 June, 97(3):1. Bonners Ferry, ID.
Pennsylvania Gazette
1729 No title. Pennsylvania Gazette 1:3. Philadelphia, PA.
c. Advertisement—Provide pagination and name of the specific advertiser, if available.
New York Evening Post
1858 Ebenezer Collamore: Advertisement. New York Evening Post 21 December. New York, NY.
6. Periodicals
Includes journals, magazines, or newsletters.
a. Always include the issue number (in parentheses) if the series has them. Also provide the usual volume, number, and pages for popular magazines (Time, New Yorker) as for journals, not just dates.
Beaudry, Mary C.
1990 Looting by Any Other Name: Archaeological Ethics and the Looting Problem. Society for Historical Archaeology Newsletter 23(l):13–14.
Reitz, Elizabeth J.
1986 Urban/Rural Contrasts in Vertebrate Fauna from the Southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. Historical Archaeology 20(2):47–58.
Time
1968 The Man They Ate for Dinner. Time 9(19):98.
b. Articles in thematic issues of Historical Archaeology. Thematic issues of the journal are prepared by guest editors and should be cited accordingly.
Joseph, J. W.
2004 Resistance and Compliance: CRM and the Archaeology of the African Diaspora. In Transcending Boundaries, Transforming the Discipline: African Diaspora Archaeologies in the New Millennium, Maria Franklin and Larry McKee, editors. Thematic issue, Historical Archaeology 38(1):18–31.
c. Provide a place of publication for a journal if it is obscure or long out of print.
American Antiquarian
1889 An Aboriginal Coat of Mail. American Antiquarian 11(3):196–197. Chicago, IL.
Semi-Weekly East Oregonian
1882 The Competing Road. Semi-Weekly East Oregonian 7(84):3. Pendleton, OR.
d. Provide reprint information for old or obscure journals, if applicable.
Osborne, Douglas
1955 Nez Perce Horse Castration—A Problem in Diffusion. Davidson Journal of Anthropology 1(2):113–122. Seattle. Reprinted 1987 in Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 21(1&2):121–140.
e. Titles within titles—A book title within the article title (a book review) is in italics, and an article title within an article title is in quotes.
Ayres, James E.
1990 Review of Wong Ho Luen: An American Chinatown, Great Basin Foundation, editor. Historical Archaeology 24(3):121–123.
Wylie, Alison
1989 Archaeological Cables and Tacking: The Implications of Practice for Bernstein’s “Options beyond Objectivism and Relativism.” Philosophy of the Social Sciences 19:1–18.
7. Primary Documents and Archival Materials
Answer the question: How will the reader find this document? Describe the item in a logical sequence––from specific to general––beginning with the title of the document and proceeding to the index and/or file number, to the collection, the repository/institution, the city, and then the state or country. If the document is not in manuscript, indicate the medium or media used, such as film, microfiche, tape, etc.
a. Letters
Adjutant General, Department of the Columbia
1886 Letter to Commanding Officer, Fort Coeur d’Alene from the Assistant Adjutant General, Department of the Columbia. Manuscript, Letters and Telegrams Received, Fort Sherman, Idaho, Part V, Entry 8, Box 8, 1886-764, Record Group 393, National Archives, Washington, DC.
Carlin, William
1887 Letter to Assistant Adjutant General, 15 August. Microfilm 689, Roll 533, Frames 349–351, War Department, Main Series, 1881–1889, Record Group 93, National Archives, Washington, DC.
Downer, Samuel
1850 Letter to Horace Mann, 8 August. Manuscript, Horace Mann Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
b. Other primary sources
Archivio Parrocchiale di Benabbio
1855 Bacchette dei Morti (Register of deaths). Manuscript, Archivio Parrocchiale di Benabbio, Benabbio, Italy.
Christie’s
1988 Gold and Silver of the Atocha and Santa Margarita. Auction catalog for 14–15 June, Christie’s, New York, NY.
Essex Institute
[1794] Sample Books of Candlesticks, Teapots, and Other Objects, Vol. 1, Book 14. Manuscript, Essex Institute, Salem, MA.
George, Donald
1983 Interview by Lavina Felsman, 15 March. Manuscript and audio tape, Coeur d’Alene Tribal Memory Project: Oral History in Coeur d’Alene Language, Tape 2, Coeur d’Alene Education Department, Desmet, ID.
Gibby, Lon (director and writer)
1979 Echoes of Yesterday, Donald Ball, producer. 16 mm film and video, Creative Audio and Video, Spokane, WA.
Maryland State Archives
1671 Inventory of the Estate of Robert Slye. Manuscript, Testamentary Proceedings, Book 5, pp. 152–190, Maryland State Archives, Maryland Hall of Records, Annapolis.
Missouri Historical Society
1983 American Fur Company Account Books. Microfilm, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis.
Philip III [of Spain] 1621–1640 Chancelaria de D. Filipe III (Chancellery of D. Philip III). Manuscript, Liv. 3, Privilégios, PT/TT/CHR/P/3, Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo, Lisbon, Portugal.
Stimson, Henry L.
1918 Stimson Diary and War Letters, February. Manuscript, Henry L. Stimson Papers, Special Collections, Sterling Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
United States Geological Survey (USGS)
1981 Jersey City Quadrangle, New Jersey––New York, 7.5 Minute Series. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
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