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IV. Manuscript Specifications

A. Summary of Sections

A submitted manuscript must include the sections listed below in the order that they are listed. The acknowledgments section is optional, and appendices are allowed but discouraged.

Manuscript, including:

  • Cover page
  • Title of article
  • Author name(s)
  • Abstract of article
  • Keywords
  • Content acknowledgment of potentially sensitive content (if applicable)
  • Body text with headings
  • Acknowledgments (optional)
  • Footnotes (optional) (Do not use endnotes.)
  • References
  • Appendix (strongly discouraged and only when absolutely necessary)
  • Figure captions (when there are figures)
  • Figures
  • Tables (when there are tables)
  • Compliance with Ethics Standards
  • Conflict of Interest
  • Data availability statement

B. Overall Requirements

For publication in Historical Archaeology or other publications of the Society for Historical Archaeology, please follow these instructions:

  • Do not format the text so that it looks like the journal. Minimize all formatting except for the requirements listed in this Turn off “Track Changes.” Set paper size to “Letter” (8.5 × 11 in.). Set margins to 1 in. on all sides. Set “Spacing” to “Single,” with 0 pt. before and after each line. Set document to “Align Left.” Do not add section, page, or artificial line breaks. The compositor will convert your manuscript electronically, so additional formatting will be lost or be an obstruction to copyediting and layout.
  • Use normal style and a standard font throughout; Times New Roman 12 point is preferred. If you are familiar with the style commands in your word-processing software, please use “normal” style You may use italics and “all caps” when specified in this guide. Do not use, for example, a superscript with numbers (18th, not 18th), bold (bold is added for headings at the copyediting stage; see changes to those requirements below), small caps, or different sizes of fonts. You may have to override the automatic formatting in your software.
  • Use single spacing throughout. Manually add an extra line before and after headings, before and after indented quotations, and after each bibliographic entry in the References.
  • Use one space between all sentences. A colon will also be followed by one space, except in reference citations where there are no following spaces (1989:102–103). 
  • Indent first lines of all paragraphs 0.5 in. Use a paragraph-formatting command to indent 0.5 in. A paragraph indent is not the same as five spaces on the space bar or manually tabbing 0.5 in. on each paragraph. Do not use tabs except when formatting tables or in the reference list. No extra spacing is needed between paragraphs. Use a paragraph-formatting command so no extra spacing is present between paragraphs.
  • Use American spelling for any words in English, but use appropriate diacritical marks (ç, ú, Ø, etc.) and italics for words in other languages.
  • Use a comma in a series of three or more items (explorers, settlers, and traders) and place all commas and periods within the final quotation marks. (He said: “Let’s go.”) (The whole effect, including the “landscape,” was horrible.)
  • Use formal, professional language. Exclude profanity and contractions (can’t, won’t, it’s, you’re, hasn’t, etc.) from your manuscript. Personal pronouns (e.g., “I” or “we”) are allowed when referring to the author or authors. Avoid using “we” without providing a clear antecedent (archaeologists, team members, etc.) in each paragraph. Use gender-neutral words as much as possible; “he” is not always the default pronoun. Structure sentences to avoid this issue; use the passive voice when necessary. See style sources in section III for assistance with writing style or Use terms relating to slavery as adjectives, not nouns: “enslaved person” not “slave,” “the enslaved-persons trade” or “the trade in enslaved persons,” not “the slave trade.” When it is not possible or appropriate to use specific tribal group names, use the terms “Native American,” “Indigenous,” or “Native” instead of “Indian” (except in cases of quotations or translations that use such language, official names, or in accordance with express preferences by Native authors in language choice [such as the “Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians”]).
  • Check references for completeness. In general, answer the question: “How can the reader find this reference?” Use this manual for guidance. Do not assume the reader has the knowledge or that information is obvious. Editors can remove redundant or extra information if Do not forget to include city/state or city/province or city/country (regardless of the familiarity of the city); location of repositories, sponsoring agencies, or publishers; full names of authors; dates of publication, etc. Avoid using authors’ initials (unless the author prefers this) or “n.d.” for “no date” (make an educated guess and place the year in square brackets to indicate it is an estimate). See sections VI and VII for reference guidelines.
  • Crosscheck each reference, table, and figure in the text. Be sure there is a one-to-one correspondence to the actual tables and text references; to the actual figures, the figure captions, and the text references; and to the reference list and text references. Figures and tables must be cited in numerical order. Most manuscript errors occur here because authors add and delete references, tables, and figures during the writing and editing process.

C. Section Specifications

1.     Cover page

The cover page provides editors with the needed information to contact the authors with questions about the manuscript. If you cannot be contacted, publication of your manuscript may be delayed by as much as two issues or even ultimately rejected. Be sure that all the information is up to date. If you are going to be out of the country, on sabbatical, in the field, etc., provide an alternative address and contact information. If you use a post office box, you must also provide an address that can be used for courier services. Please include the following for all authors:

      • Author name(s) in order of seniority, with “(corresponding author)” following the appropriate name. Do not use position titles, academic degrees, and other
      • Address(es): Provide full mailing address(es) with affiliation(s), if appropriate. Include the ZIP or postal code(s). Use postal state/province abbreviations for U.S.A. and Canadian addresses. If a post-office box is required, use the abbreviation “PO Box.” Spell out non-U.S.A. country names in upper- and lowercase letters. The address(es) will appear in the footer of the title page of the published article.
      • Work and home telephone
      • E-mail

2.     Title

This begins the page following the cover page. Place the title of the article flush left, in upper- and lowercase letters with all major words capitalized. Keep the title short but meaningful.

3.     Author name(s)

Insert a blank line after the title. Place author name(s) flush left in upper- and lowercase letters, exactly as signed on the copyright release form. If a name has unusual capitalization or spacing (Mac, De, Van, etc.), be sure that these items are clearly and correctly indicated. For a coauthored or multi-authored article, list authors in the order of seniority, separated by a hyphen and spaces ( – ). Manuscript authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the concept, design, execution, or interpretation of the research study. Other individuals who have contributed to the study should be named in the acknowledgments section, but not identified as authors.

4.     Abstract

Insert a blank line after the author name(s). Place the heading “Abstract” in bold text with an initial capital letter, flush left. Continue the text of the abstract on the same line in regular type with no paragraph indent. Do not exceed 150 words. The abstract should summarize the contents, significance, and conclusions of the article. It does not serve as an introduction to the article. Write in the present tense and avoid hackneyed phrases, such as “this article will” or “this chapter will attempt to.” The abstract should be the last thing written.

5.     Keywords

Insert a blank line after the abstract. Place the heading “Keywords” in bold text with an initial capital letter, flush left. Continue on the same line, providing a list of four or more keywords in regular type and “sentence case,” each term separated by a hyphen and spaces ( – ). Keywords should express the precise content of the manuscript, as they are used for indexing purposes.

6.     Content Acknowledgment

If applicable. Insert a blank line after the keywords. Place the heading “Content Acknowledgment” in bold text with initial capital letters, flush left with no paragraph indent. State briefly the kinds of potentially sensitive content in manuscript. Publications with potentially sensitive content will be indicated in print and online by an asterisk, not as a trigger warning per se, but rather as the completion of due diligence with acknowledgment.

7.     Main text with headings

As introductory, main text, discussion, and conclusion sections are added to the manuscript, organize the headings as follows: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Secondary and other levels should only be added when more than one is needed. Headings are flush left, and, with the exception of quaternary headings, with an extra blank line before and after. Headings should be short and descriptive and differentiated as follows:

      1. Primary Headings—bold text with initial capital letters for all major words (excluding prepositions, articles, and conjunctions).
      2. Secondary Headings—normal text with initial capital letters for all major
      3. Tertiary Headings—italicized text with initial capital letters for all major
      4. Quaternary Headings—bold text with initial capital letters for all major words, with the subsequent text continuing on the same line; use is strongly

8.     Acknowledgments

Place the heading “Acknowledgments:” flush left and in bold. Begin text on the same line as the heading, with one space after the colon. The use of the acknowledgments section is optional, and use of personal pronouns is appropriate. Avoid the use of academic titles. Notice of consultation with associated descendant communities, including Native nations, for publication of any representations of or information regarding potentially sensitive materials, contexts, and data should be included in the acknowledgments section.

9.     Data Availability Statement

Springer requires a data availability statement. This mandatory policy does not introduce any data sharing mandates, but aims to make the availability of the data transparent. The data availability statement consolidates information on availability of data associated with the manuscript, whether data are in repositories, available on request, or included with supplementary-information or figure-source data files. Sample data availability statements are available here, and more information on the new Research Data Policy is available here.

10.   References

Place the heading “References” flush left and in bold, with a blank line before and after. Single-space all entries and follow the instructions given in the Sample References, section VII. References have two parts: (1) author/editor name(s) and (2) date/publication information. The first part of a reference includes only the name of the author(s) or editor(s) in normal font, not all caps. Author(s) names should be repeated for each reference, even if the manuscript has multiple references by exactly the same author or authors. The second part of the reference is the date of publication, normally a year, which begins a new line. It is flush left like the name. After the date, insert a single tab. The remainder of the entry (title, place of publication, etc.) follows as normal text without line breaks or indents or any other formatting. Insert a blank line between the last line of a reference and the author/editor name of the next. Numerous examples are provided in section VII of this guide.

11.   Footnotes

Use of footnotes is permitted for technical details or parenthetical comments that would disrupt the article’s flow. Use the footnote feature in Word (Ctrl+Alt+F), which will number them sequentially. Footnotes should be in 10 pt. type. Be concise. If references are cited in the footnotes, they must be included in the manuscript references. Do not use footnotes to cite primary documents separately. Primary documents must be included in the reference list with corresponding in-text citations. See section VII for guidelines. Use of endnotes is not permitted.

12.     Figure captions

List the captions single-spaced and flush left. Insert a blank line between each caption. Type “Fig” followed by a space, then the figure number, followed by a period. The caption itself appears as regular text. Use italics within the captions when referring to parts or areas of the figure: (a), (b), left, top, etc.

Please note the following requirements:

      • Cite all figures in the text and give each figure a caption. (See section VI for citation )
      • Number all captions sequentially in Arabic numerals in the order cited in the
      • Date and attribute all figures to a source in the captions, even if the source is “author”; captions for drawings (maps, schematics, charts, ) and photos must include a year along with the source: (Drawing by author, 1982.). An author/date citation is also acceptable.

EXAMPLES

Fig 1. Detail of the 1807 map of Boston (Wayne 1807). (Image courtesy of the Harvard Map Collection, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.)

Fig 2. Faience ointment-jar forms (Brain 1979:35).

Fig 3. Beads and pendant from the cemetery: (a) gilded bead; (b) pendant; (c) faceted amber bead; and (d–f) plain drawn beads. (Photo by author, 2004.)

Fig 4. Left and bottom, thermometer back plates; upper right, balance scale weights. (Photo by author, 2004.)

Fig 5. Gunflints from the Smyth site. (Photo by Ned Johnston, 2003; courtesy of the London Historical Commission, London, Ontario.)

13.  Compliance with Ethical Standards

a.     Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

This journal is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record. As a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the journal will follow the COPE guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of misconduct. Authors should refrain from misrepresenting research results that could damage the trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the entire scientific endeavor. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation can be achieved by following the rules of good scientific practice. For example,

        • The manuscript has not been submitted to more than one journal for simultaneous
        • The manuscript has not been published previously (partly or in full), unless the new work concerns an expansion of previous work. Please provide transparency on the reuse of material to avoid the hint of text-recycling (“self-plagiarism”).
        • A single study is not split up into several parts to increase the quantity of submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time (e.g., “salami publishing”).
        • No data have been fabricated or manipulated (including images) to support the
        • No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they are the author’s own (“plagiarism”). Proper acknowledgments to other works must be given. This includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized, and/or paraphrased. Quotation marks or block-quote format are used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions are secured for material that is Important note that the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.
        • Consent to submit has been received explicitly from all coauthors as well as from the responsible authorities––tacitly or explicitly––at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out before the work is submitted.
        • Authors secure informed consent and/or letters of support for the dissemination of information and/or images of human remains, sacred or funerary objects, and known or suspected objects of cultural patrimony, funerary items, or human remains from descendent communities and/or tribal governing bodies and from those institutions involved in curating them
        • Authors whose names appear on the submission have contributed sufficiently to the scientific work and therefore share collective responsibility and accountability for the

In addition:

        • Changes of authorship or in the order of authors are not accepted after acceptance of a
        • Requests to add or delete authors at revision stage, proof stage, or after publication is a serious matter and may be considered when justifiably warranted. Justification for changes in authorship must be compelling and may be considered only after receipt of written approval from all authors and a convincing, detailed explanation about the role/deletion of the new/deleted author. In case of changes at revision stage, a letter must accompany the revised In case of changes after acceptance or publication, the request and documentation must be sent via the publisher to the editor-in-chief. In all cases, further documentation may be required to support the request. The decision on accepting the change rests with the editor-in-chief of the journal and the request may be turned down. Therefore, authors are strongly advised to ensure the correct author group, corresponding author, and order of authors is provided at submission.
        • Upon request authors should be prepared to send relevant documentation or data in order to verify the validity of the results. This could be in the form of raw data, samples, records, etc.

b.     Suspicion of Misconduct

If there is a suspicion of misconduct, the journal will carry out an investigation following the COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, the allegation seems to raise valid concerns, the accused author will be contacted and given an opportunity to address the issue. If misconduct has been established beyond reasonable doubt, this may result in the editor-in-chief’s implementation of measures including but not limited to the following:

        • If the article is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to the
        • If the article has already been published online, depending on the nature and severity of the infraction either an erratum will be placed with the article or in severe cases complete retraction of the article will occur. The reason must be given in the published erratum or retraction note.
        • The author’s institution may be informed.

c.   Author Disclosure Statements

To ensure objectivity and transparency in research and to ensure that accepted principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed, authors should include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest (financial or nonfinancial), informed consent if the research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals.

Authors should include the following statements (if applicable) in a separate section entitled “Compliance with Ethical Standards” when submitting a paper:

        • Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
        • Research involving human participants and/or animals
        • Informed consent

The corresponding author should be prepared to collect documentation of compliance with ethical standards and send if requested during peer review or after publication. Authors are encouraged to contact the editors before submission to clarify necessary acknowledgments for their specific data and/or illustrations.

The editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the abovementioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or failure to fulfill the abovementioned guidelines.

i.     Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose all relationships or interests that could influence or bias the work. Although an author may not feel there are conflicts, disclosure of relationships and interests affords a more transparent process, leading to an accurate and objective assessment of the work. Awareness of real or perceived conflicts of interest is a perspective to which the readers are entitled and is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an organization that sponsored the research or compensation for consultancy work is inappropriate. Examples of potential conflicts of interest that are directly or indirectly related to the research may include but are not limited to the following:

          1. Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and the grant number)
          2. Honoraria for speaking at symposia
          3. Financial support for attending symposia
          4. Financial support for educational programs
          5. Employment or consultation
          6. Support from a project sponsor
          7. Position on an advisory board or board of directors or other types of management relationships
          8. Multiple affiliations
          9. Financial relationships (e.g., equity ownership or investment interest)
          10. Intellectual property rights (e.g., patents, copyrights, and royalties from such rights)
          11. Holdings of a spouse and/or children that may have financial interest in the work

In addition, interests that go beyond financial interests and compensation (nonfinancial interests) that may be important to the readers should be disclosed. These may include but are not limited to personal relationships or competing interests directly or indirectly tied to this research or professional interests or personal beliefs that may influence the research.

The corresponding author will include a summary statement in the text of the manuscript in a separate section before the reference list.

See below for examples of disclosures:

Funding: This study was funded by X (grant number X).

Conflict of Interest: Author A has received research grants from Company A. Author B has received a speaker honorarium from Company X and owns stock in Company Y. Author C is a member of Committee Z.

If no conflict exists, the authors should state:

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

ii.     Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals

When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data, or their biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption). Further guidance can be found at <https://www.springer.com/gp/editorial-policies/research-involving-human-and-or-animal-participants#toc-49269>.

iii.     Informed Consent

Authors must be able to provide documentation of informed consent and/or letters of support for the dissemination of data and/or images and proof that all necessary permissions have been obtained for the use and publication of such content (e.g., photographs, video or audio recordings, 3-D models, illustrations, etc.). This includes human samples obtained from museum collections, where additional permission may need to be obtained for reuse and publication of the work. Demonstration of reasonable due diligence in seeking stakeholder contact, consultation, and permission is necessary for publication of results of destructive analyses (DNA, isotope analyses, etc.). The demonstration of due diligence will clearly indicate stakeholder awareness and approval for the dissemination of the potentially sensitive information. Authors should be aware of any cultural sensitivities or restrictions associated with any images or data included in their manuscripts. For example, the use or display of images of human remains or deceased humans is restricted in some cultures, and appropriate ethical guidelines should be adhered to by considering the views and approval processes of the affected communities. In many Indigenous communities additional permissions may need to be sought from community leaders and/or elders. Authors working with Indigenous communities are advised to consult appropriate guidelines for ethical research and publishing, such as the AIATSIS Guidelines for Ethical Publishing, or the National Inuit Strategy on Research, and Interviewing Elders: Guidelines from the National Aboriginal Health Organization. Authors conducting research with Indigenous communities using media tools are advised to consult appropriate guidelines such as On-Screen Protocols & Pathways: A Media Production Guide to Working with First Nations, Metís and Inuit Communities, Cultures, Concepts and Stories.

D. Table and Figure Specifications

Only typed material that can be composed is to be named a table; if material is to be photographically reproduced, then it is a figure (see part 2 below, “Original Figures”). Before creating a table, decide whether a table is called for. Keep short informal tables and lists within the regular paragraph structure. For example, for short descriptions: “The rim border on ceramic platters consists of three zones of designs: (1) vertical lines with thick dashes at the rim; (2) a wide, solid line placed parallel to the rim; and (3) a band of Style G panels.” Note that parentheses surround the embedded numbers.

1.     Tables

All tables will be grouped following the references and before the figure captions. Use single-spaced text for the table. Type “Table” with an initial capital letter, followed by the number, all in bold. Number tables in Arabic numerals in the order they are cited. Put a space after the number. No period follows the table number. On the same line, in “sentence case” (with only the first word capitalized), place a short title of no more than 60 characters.

Table 1 Artifact categories and counts

Please note the following requirements:

      1. Cite every table (and capitalize the reference) in the Examples: Glass composed 34% of the assemblage (Table 1); As provided in Table 1.
      2. Do not submit oversized tables. Compose tables from typed text. Consider the physical size of the journal when preparing tables.
      3. Avoid using more than 10 columns. Tables with numerous columns often have to be placed sideways on the journal page, reduced in size, or divided among several pages.
      4. Set table columns with tabs. Avoid proprietary table software because all tables will eventually be set in pure text with only tabs.
      5. No vertical rules in tables. Provide one horizontal rule under the table’s columnar headings above the Give each column and row a brief heading. Primary headings should have initial capital letters on all major words. All other headings should be “sentence case,” i.e., with only the first letter of the entry capitalized.
      6. Format notes. Place notes, if used, below the table in 10 pt. type and in the following order and style:

Note: General note pertaining to the whole table.

a Superscript letters indicate notes within the table. Source: Adams (1993:24).

2.     Original Figures

All artwork––in TIFF, JPEG, or EPS format––becomes the property of the Society for Historical Archaeology following acceptance of the manuscript for publication. Photos should be submitted in 300 dpi or higher resolution at 100% scaling. Color photos may be submitted, since the electronic version of the article will be prepared in color. Subtle gradations in color are often not distinguishable in black and white, so it is the author’s responsibility to determine whether color figures will reproduce legibly in black-and-white print format and to submit graphics that convey the necessary information in black-and-white print. If scans are provided, they should be of a professional quality at 600–1,200 dpi (see details below). Unacceptable media include the following: screened (newspaper) or continuous-tone (gray value) computer- generated illustrations (they produce unacceptable reproductions due to a moiré pattern effect). Remember, for publication, figures are reduced to a width of 3¼ or 6¼ in. (single or double column). Keep that in mind when considering quality of reproduction and the size of print or other details within the image.

Submit the following with your manuscript:

      • Electronic media files titled as follows: AuthorNameFigureNumber (e.g., JonesFigure1).
      • Any needed permissions for use of images and/or data. Original artwork from other copyrighted works or from specific collections cannot be published without initially placing copies of all requisite reproduction permissions on file with the editorial office. For the purposes of this policy, “illustrations” is defined to include photographs, scans, drawings, 3-D printing, CT and PET scans, MRIs, drawings, and any other mode of depictions. For images and data involving human remains, items of cultural patrimony, and other potentially sensitive content, authors must be prepared to provide, upon editorial request, permissions that demonstrate compliance with professional ethics (described in section IV.C.12). Authors are encouraged to contact the editors before submission to clarify any necessary acknowledgments for their specific data and/or illustrations.
      • Photographic images depicting recognizable, living individuals must be accompanied by written releases from both the subject(s) in the photo and from the photographer who took the photo granting the SHA the right to publish the photo.

Please note the following requirements:

      1. Do not include figure numbers, captions, and pure-text legends as an integral part of the image. Place such items in the figure caption (see section IV.C.9 above). When several items are shown in a single figure, each object is to be designated on the figure by a lowercase Do not use numbers. The caption must include an explanation of and reference to each of the letters included in the figure.
      2. Every figure must be cited in the text. Capitalize, and abbreviate as “Fig” when in parentheses as, e.g., (Fig. 1), (Figs. la–c, 2, 3), (Fig. 5a, b), (Figs. 5a, b, 6a), or (Figs. 1–5); write the complete word “Figure” within the text, e.g., “as illustrated in Figure ” Do not use the redundant “see,” “e.g.,” or other Latin terms when citing figures in the text. The typesetter will insert the figure following its first citation. Do not embed the figure image in the text or write: “Place figure here.” When citing a figure/table included in the manuscript plus a reference to another source, list the items in the order they are addressed within the sentence with a single space and no punctuation between references: (Fig. 2) (Harrington 1962:22) (Table 2).
      3. Use professional, legible lettering. Small lettering and complex detail in figures will not reproduce cle Do not use typed or freehand lettering. Use sans serif lettering that is large enough and of a medium thickness to reproduce well even when reduced in size upon publication.
      4. Do not use neat lines, borders, or boxes around or within maps and A simple box may appear around map legends or other insets.
      5. Scale or north Both are required for maps and plans. Place any needed scale (in./cm, mi./m) or north arrow within the figure, not in the caption. Place the north arrow directly in the figure. In good cartographic style, the north arrow points to north (the N is at the point of the arrow, not on it or below it) and is as simple as possible.
      6. Use professional-level scans for all electronic media Output specifications for suitable images include: halftone (grayscale) images saved at 100% size, 600 dpi, TIFF format and line art (bitmap) images saved at 100% size, 1,200 dpi, TIFF format. High-quality drawing and scanning software and scanners that are readily available for personal or office use are not always acceptable for print production. All letters, numbers, and lines must be crisp, solid, and black. Fuzzy, gray, or broken letters and numbers, as well as those composed of microsized dots, are unacceptable. Computer-assisted design (CAD) generated maps, drawings, and images (including graphs) with dot-pattern backgrounds are unacceptable.
      7. Accessibility. In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your figures, please make sure that
        • All figures have descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-speech software or a text-to-braille hardware).
        • Patterns are used instead or in addition to colors for conveying information (colorblind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements).
        • Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 5:1.
      8. Imaging Methodology. Authors publishing work in the fields of conservation and heritage research in particular are required to include details of image-gathering methods and the technology used for creating any images, videos, or models included in their submission.